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Menopause
and Perimenopause

Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment Choices

Perimenopause is a natural and important stage in a woman’s life, signaling the transition toward menopause.

 

During this time, the body experiences hormonal shifts that can lead to a variety of physical and emotional symptoms.

 

Redefine Health and Wellness is here to provide you with the information you need to make informed, confident decisions about your healthcare and wellness.

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Learn more about what perimenopause is, how it’s diagnosed, the differences between perimenopause and menopause, and the various treatment options available.

What is perimenopause?

Perimenopause refers to the transitional phase leading up to menopause, during which a woman’s body gradually experiences changes in hormone levels.

 

It can begin in a woman’s 40s, though it can sometimes start earlier.

 

Perimenopause typically lasts anywhere from 4 to 10 years, with symptoms often intensifying in the last few years of this period.

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During perimenopause, the ovaries begin to produce less estrogen and progesterone, two key hormones involved in the menstrual cycle.

 

As a result, women may experience irregular periods, hot flashes, night sweats, mood swings, and other physical and emotional changes.

What are common symptoms of perimenopause?

The symptoms of perimenopause vary widely from woman to woman.

 

Some of the most common symptoms include:

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  • Hot Flashes and Night Sweats: Sudden feelings of heat, often accompanied by sweating, particularly at night.

  • Mood Swings: Fluctuating hormone levels can lead to irritability, anxiety, and depression.

  • Sleep Disturbances: Insomnia or poor-quality sleep are frequent issues during perimenopause.

  • Vaginal Dryness: Lower estrogen levels can lead to vaginal dryness, causing discomfort during sex.

  • Irregular Periods: Women may experience lighter or heavier periods, or their menstrual cycles may become unpredictable.

  • Cognitive Changes: Difficulty concentrating and memory lapses are common.

  • Changes in Skin and Weight: Many women experience changes in their skin texture, as well as weight gain, particularly around the abdomen.​​​​​​​​

How is perimenopause diagnosed?

Diagnosing perimenopause often starts with tracking symptoms and evaluating menstrual history.

 

Your healthcare provider may ask about:

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  • The frequency and regularity of your periods

  • Any changes in menstrual flow (lighter or heavier periods)

  • The presence of other symptoms like hot flashes or sleep issues

  • In some cases, hormonal tests may be conducted, such as checking levels of Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and estrogen, though hormonal fluctuations during perimenopause can make these tests less definitive.

 

Additionally, thyroid function tests may be performed to rule out other conditions, as thyroid issues can mimic perimenopausal symptoms.​​​

What makes perimenopause worse?

During perimenopause, there are several habits to avoid in order to better manage symptoms.

 

Ignoring changes in your body or delaying discussions with a healthcare provider can make symptoms like hot flashes, mood swings, and sleep disturbances harder to handle.

 

It's important to maintain regular exercise, as neglecting physical activity can worsen fatigue and weight gain.

 

A poor diet, excessive caffeine, and alcohol can exacerbate symptoms, while stress and lack of sleep can make emotional and physical changes more challenging.

 

Smoking can intensify hot flashes and other symptoms, and overloading yourself with responsibilities can lead to burnout.

 

Prioritizing emotional well-being and seeking support when needed is key to navigating this phase with greater ease.​​​

Perimenopause vs. Menopause: What’s the difference?

While both perimenopause and menopause involve hormonal changes, there are some differences between the two stages:

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Timing

  • Perimenopause - The transition before menopause, beginning in a woman’s 40s (sometimes earlier), lasting several years.

  • Menopause - Officially diagnosed after 12 consecutive months without a period, signaling the end of a woman’s reproductive years.

 

Hormonal Changes

  • Perimenopause - Hormone levels fluctuate significantly, causing unpredictable symptoms.

  • Menopause - Estrogen and progesterone levels decline sharply, and symptoms like hot flashes and vaginal dryness may persist, but menstrual periods cease completely.

 

Symptoms

  • Perimenopause - Symptoms tend to fluctuate and are often more intense, with irregular periods, hot flashes, and mood swings.

  • Menopause - Symptoms like hot flashes and vaginal dryness may stabilize but are more consistent after periods stop.

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Fertility

  • Perimenopause - Women can still conceive during perimenopause.

  • Menopause - After 12 months without a period, fertility ceases.​​​

Treatment options for perimenopause

Managing perimenopause often requires a combination of lifestyle changes, medical treatments, and sometimes hormone therapy.

 

Treatment depends on the severity of symptoms and personal health factors.

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Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT)

 

Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) is a common treatment for relieving perimenopausal symptoms by supplementing the hormones estrogen and progesterone.

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There are several forms of HRT, including:

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  • Oral Tablets - Convenient but may increase the risk of blood clots.

  • Patches - Applied to the skin for a steady release of hormones.

  • Gels or Creams - Topical treatments absorbed through the skin.

  • Vaginal Rings, Tablets, or Creams - Targeted for treating vaginal dryness and discomfort.

 

 

Benefits of Hormone Replacement Therapy:

  • HRT is highly effective in alleviating hot flashes, night sweats, vaginal dryness, mood swings, and more.

  • It also helps improve bone density and reduces the risk of osteoporosis.

 

However, risks may include an increased risk of blood clots, stroke, and some types of cancer, especially with long-term use.

 

It's essential to discuss the benefits and risks with your healthcare provider before starting Hormone Replacement Therapy.

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Non-Hormonal Treatments

 

For those who cannot or prefer not to use HRT, several non-hormonal treatments can help manage symptoms:

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  • Antidepressants - SSRIs and SNRIs can help with mood swings and hot flashes.

  • Gabapentin - Can be effective for reducing hot flashes and night sweats.

  • Clonidine - A blood pressure medication that may alleviate hot flashes.

  • Vaginal Moisturizers and Lubricants - Relieve vaginal dryness without hormones.

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Lifestyle Modifications

 

Adopting a healthy lifestyle is crucial during perimenopause and includes changes such as:

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  • Diet - A balanced diet rich in calcium and vitamin D supports bone health.

  • Reducing caffeine, alcohol, and spicy foods can help prevent hot flashes.

  • Exercise - Regular physical activity can improve mood, manage weight gain, and strengthen bones.

  • Stress Reduction - Practices like yoga, meditation, or deep breathing can help manage anxiety and improve sleep quality.

  • Sleep Hygiene - Maintaining a consistent sleep routine, keeping the bedroom cool, and limiting screen time can improve sleep.

We're here to help!

Perimenopause is a significant phase in a woman’s life, but with the right information and support, its symptoms can be managed effectively.

 

Understanding the differences between perimenopause and menopause, recognizing symptoms, and exploring treatment options can help women navigate this transition with confidence and ease.

 

It's important to consult with a healthcare provider to determine the most suitable treatment plan for your individual needs.

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Schedule a complimentary consultation with Redefine Health and Wellness to learn more about hormone therapy, perimenopause, and menopause.

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